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Department of Music
Stanford University
Stanford, CA. 94305
Arnold Broido, President August 26, 1976
Theodore Presser Company
Presser Place
Bryn Mawr, PA.
Dear Mr. Broido,
Thank you for your interest in my computer music printing system.
I have enclosed a copy of my 1972 article on the process which appeared in the
Journal of Music Theory. Since the article was written, there have been very
many improvements in the system, making it easier and faster to use.
I have also enclosed a few examples of the output of my system. The
largest sheet (the Ligeti page) was produced on a Calcomp plotter at four times
the final size. Then it was reduced for standard photolithography printing.
The Inventio Septima was plotted with a size factor of 2.5. While the results
are acceptable I think a factor of 4 is needed to approach engraving quality.
The resolution of the plotter in use is 1/200 inch. There are various devices
available which can give better accuracy but I have not yet had access to them.
All the other sheets were produced directly by a XEROX device which
is connected to our computer. Again the resolution is 1/200 inch. I consider
these as first proof copies, but the results are quite adequate for performance
purposes. The great advantage here is speed. The data is processed and
printed in under 30 seconds and multiple copies add only the time it takes to
move the paper through the machine.
The unlabled orchestral page is from Elliot Carter's Double Concerto,
page 144. I did this as a test of my automatic rhythmic spacing and justifying
routines. This would be much more clear in a non-XEROX printing.
I am quite convinced that some process such as mine will become the norm
for music publishers. There are a few other people working on this around
the country but as far as I can tell no one else has produced anything more
than very simple and rather primative examples. My system allows for great
flexibility. Any number of different styles of clefs, rests, etc. could be
used on the same page. Also any object can appear in any size or rotation.
I have had discussions with a few publishers about the use of my
system but the only stumbling block seems to be the cost of the hardware.
My cost estimate is $150,000. for a complete, stand-alone computer system
that could run all my programs. This is a rather conservative figure as
I am told by people who keep up on the newest technology that the costs
could be below $100,000. However my costs are based upon equipment that
has been on the market for at least 4 years.
I fully realize that sums such as these are considerable. It seems to
me that the practical way to approach this would be through a cooperative
effort of a group of publishers. In this way the individual risks would be
minimized. After a first center were astablished, further ones could be
developed at a lower cost.
I have not gone into the details of how my process works from the
operator's point of view. This has to be seen "live" to be appreciated.
If this is of interest to you it would be best if you could come here for
demonstration. This would be possible most any time just as long as I
could have a few days notice.
Very sincerely,
Leland Smith
Professor of Music